The issue of “bad faith” has plagued the insurance market in China and has proven to be a major hurdle in the Chinese insurance market’s development. Below is a case which provides insight into the presence of bad faith at the local level.

In February 2009, a defendant (the insured) was sentenced to eight months imprisonment for refusing to transfer insurance proceeds to the injured party. The ruling was given by Haidian local court, Beijing, China.

In 2007, a car accident occurred in Beijing, involving the defendant and claimant, Mr. Sun. The claimant sued the defendant in a Chinese local court and the Chinese court issued a judgment in favor of claimant; ruling the defendant assumed full responsibility and should indemnify the claimant for the loss of 43,000 RMB ( approximately 6,300 USD).

The defendant received the proceeds form his insurer, resulting from the car accident, however, he refused to pay the proceeds to claimant. Furthermore, to escape enforcement of the judgment, the defendant fraudulently transferred property titles in his name, including the title to a car.

The enforcement department of the local Chinese court stated the actions of the defendant violate the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China. The case was then transferred to the Criminal Division in the court.

The case provides an example of the problem of “bad faith” within the Chinese insurance market. As many Chinese Insurance lawyers would agree, the issue surrounding and the problems arising from “bad faith” in the Chinese insurance market must be resolved. A suitable start would involve the Chinese courts strengthening enforcement of their judgments which would discourage immoral behavior.

 

November 2008, Mr. Xi Xiaoming, Vice Chief Justice of the Chinese Supreme Court, informed the media the Chinese Supreme Court would initiate drafting of judicial explanations complimenting the Chinese Anti-monopoly Law (AML). Before such formal expression, another Justice in the No.3 Civil Division of the Chinese Supreme Court publicly stated plaintiffs may file civil AML cases directly, bypassing the wait for administrative decisions.

Due to the characteristic of the AML, the administrative departments, other than courts, are the leading force in law enforcement. Presently, there is uncertainty in the AML administrative procedure and administrative departments take caution in announcements and practices. In such an atmosphere, Chinese courts come to the front.

Continue Reading The AML sword, How Chinese Courts “hold” it ?

The Hot Issues of China Anti-trust Private Litigation-The Juridical Interpretation Issued by PRC Supreme Court and the Analysis of Anti-trust Cases came out with the issuance of the Juridical Interpretation on Application of Laws in Private Litigation Cases Arising from Monopoly Behaviors by PRC Supreme Court (the Interpretation), introducing in details the legislative purposes of the Interpretation, how its provisions are produced and its major applications and guidance for antitrust practices. The author, in combination with Chinese juridical practices and antitrust practices in other countries or regions across the globe, shares with readers some of his distinguished comments on possible tough issues during antitrust private litigation hearings. It is noticeable that the author also has made his analysis from economic perspective, leading in economic vision for antitrust applications. The incisive analysis on classic antitrust private litigation cases in China in recent years brings readers with sense of reality. Additionally, the original texts of the Interpretation and the exposure draft of the Juridical Interpretation on Application of Laws in Private Litigation Cases are both presented in the book.

The Practices of Mergers and Acquisitions under the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China is based upon Dr. Zhan Hao’s professional experience as a distinguished lawyer in the field of competition law. Published after the promulgation of the Anti-monopoly Law of the PRC and before the issue of the Provisions of the State Council on the Declaration of the Concentration of Business Operators (Exposure Draft). Dr. Zhan Hao introduces and analyzes the classification,examination standard, hearing and investigation procedures concerning concentration (including M&A) under the Chinese Anti-monopoly law. Additionally the text comprehensively and systematically highlights problems lawyers and legal counsel will encounter in the application process of concentration. A comparative analysis is also provided on the rules of the concentration under Chinese Anti-monopoly law and laws of other foreign jurisdictions. Acting as a guide for the practicing lawyer, each chapter provides an analysis of famous cases, both in China and foreign jurisdictions, concerning hotly debated issues, allowing an ease of understanding surrounding the rules of China’s Anti-monopoly Law. This is the first book in China for the purpose of providing countermeasures for lawyers dealing with concentration cases under the new and ever emerging Anti-monopoly law of the PRC. This book was published by China Law Press and LexisNexis.
 

The Full Record of a China Lawyer’s Tips on Handling Cases: Insurance Litigation introduces Chinese insurance litigation procedures including insurance case analysis and evidence collection prior to trial. Dr. Zhan Hao, a leading Chinese insurance lawyer, shares his ideas and commentary on insurance litigation in China and explains the principles and concepts surrounding Chinese insurance law. The book is a true necessity for the modern Chinese insurance lawyer. Throughout the book, many forms of insurance litigation are introduced, such as property insurance, life insurance, maritime insurance and liability insurance litigation. In explaining each form of litigation, Dr. Zhan Hao acknowledges and explains the different procedure rules between the court of first instance, the court of second instance and the pleading and confrontation procedure. This book is the first book written by a veteran insurance lawyer introducing insurance litigation in China and has proved to be a highly influential text. The merits of this book have not gone unnoticed. it was published as the lead textbook for training young lawyers, and is currently recommended by the All China Lawyers Association.
 

The Comprehensive Interpretation of Insurance Law Principles and Commentary on Typical Cases is not only a case book introducing classic insurance cases rendered by Chinese Courts, it is also a textbook for those interested in learning about Chinese insurance law. Dr. Zhan Hao introduces the insurance law systematically and presents a collection of many special cases, all of which are complemented with Dr. Zhan Hao’s expert commentary. After reading this book, the reader will understand how a Chinese judge handles different types of insurance cases and the reader will become familiar with insurance litigation and arbitration procedures in China, through an emphasis on insurance cases decided in the past 3 years by the Intermediate People’s Court, the Higher People’s Court and the Supreme Court. Overall the book is key for understanding the newly mastered insurance law theories utilized by Chinese Courts.

 

 

 

Investor Relations of Listed Companies is popular amongst in-house counsel as it provides up to date investment advice for corporate structures and introduces the basic principles and knowledge surrounding investor relations and interaction with Chinese laws and regulations. Dr. Zhan Hao analyzes the problems arising from investor relations in the legal and economic context and concludes with his experience as in-house counsel for an international company. The investment tactics of multinational and domestic listed companies and newly developed laws, regulations and ordinances concerning investor relations are also covered. In short Dr. Zhan Hao provides a practical source for in-house counsel and lawyers. Readers will also find case references regarding investor relations. Overall, this text is an excellent study resource for company directors, managers and those whose chief responsibility is to protect investors’  interests.

 

 

 

Looking at the Regulation of the Insurance Market from an Economic Law Perspective introduces the Chinese insurance market and insurance law by analyzing the issues concerning the regulation of the insurance market from an economic law aspect. The book is presented at the theoretical level in the study of Chinese insurance market regulation. Dr. Zhan Hao introduces his research approaches to the insurance market’s regulation and traditional market regulation theories and principles are also illustrated. Additionally, the history and development of the Chinese insurance market is described and Dr. Zhan Hao shares his opinions on mixed operation, integrated regulation models, the insurance industry’s continuing evolution and the regulatory rules on the use of insurance capital. Overall Dr. Zhan Hao presents valuable advice on the establishment of a more reasonable and effective insurance law system in China.

 

The Theory of Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law and Practice is an innovative work sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM). Introducing Anti-monopoly Law theories and providing a review of a number of famous domestic and foreign Competition/Anti-monopoly Law cases, readers will find important legal concepts, principles and reference to important institutions concerning the Anti-monopoly Law of the PRC, which came into force August 1st 2008. Anti-monopoly cases are inserted in each chapter helping the readers better understand the Anti-monopoly Law of the PRC. Debatable issues such as the role of the guild under the Anti-monopoly Law, the exercise of intellectual property rights and anti-monopoly private litigation are all covered. Dr. Zhan Hao shares his opinions on these issues and introduces a comparative analysis with other countries’ advanced experience and practices,incorporating not only the Anti-monopoly Law but also Chinese economic law, contract law, company law, administrative law and civil law, which jointly compose the regulation surrounding competition law in China.

The New Insurance Law-interpretation on practice highlights and case analysis In accordance with new Insurance Law published on October 2009, Dr. Zhan Hao published this new book. In this new book, Dr. Zhan compares the new Insurance Law with the old one, analyzes the influence brought by new Insurance Law on insurance industry from viewpoint of practice, brilliantly expounds the highlights and complex questions aroused by new Insurance Law, gives countermeasures to insurance companies and explains the different consequences when old and new Insurance applies on the same case. This book is practical, prospective, timeless and full of wisdom. It could be a new guide book for students, scholars and insurance practitioners.

 

 

 China Motor Insurance Market Development Report 2014,co-authored by Dr. Zhan Hao, observed and studied the development pattern of the Chinese motor insurance market in a systematic and historical way, combining theory with practice. It also conducted a qualitative and quantitative analysis, combining domestic reality with international trends. The Report mirrors reality as well as foresight. Furthermore, it fills the domestic gap in the field of motor insurance market studies.

Focused mainly on the motor insurance industry’s reform and innovation, this book systematically reviewed, comprehensively summarized and showed the panorama of the 2014 insurance market development status. It conducted an in-depth analysis of the Chinese motor insurance market’s development environment, the operation mechanism, the business model, the sales model and the service model. Furthermore, it introduced in detail the operation status of the motor insurance market in certain countries and regions. The Report especially combed and analyzed some key issues existing in the motor insurance reform and innovation in a systematic and in-depth way. It is of positive and instructive value to further reform and development of China’s motor insurance market.

Article 1 of the New York Convention states "this Convention shall apply to the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards made in the territory of a State other than the State where the recognition and enforcement of such awards are sought, and arising out of differences between persons, whether physical or legal. It shall also apply to arbitral awards not considered as domestic awards in the State where their recognition and enforcement are sought."

Continue Reading China and Issues surrounding international commercial arbitration and the 1958 New York Convention

The first Insurance Law in China came into force in 1995 and was amended in 2002. There have been no other additional changes or modifications to the Insurance Law. Although the Chinese Supreme Court has drafted an Explanation to the Enforcement of the Insurance Law, these rules have yet to be utilized in practice. Thus, it is clear that the rules and regulations governing insurance in China has failed to keep pace with the rapid development in the market.  

Continue Reading Chinese Insurance Law Legislation needs Improvement for Adequate Governance

China has experienced unprecedented growth in the insurance field. The total amount of premiums reached 100,611,940,000 USD in 2007. The total amount of premiums reached 80,672,020,000 USD in 2006 ranking it eleventh out of all countries in the world. Moreover, the total financial holdings of insurance companies in 2007 amounted to 414,756,056,000 USD, one-third larger than total holdings in 2005. Presently, there are more than 100 insurance companies in China, and more than 3000 insurance intermediary companies which include businesses specializing in broker, agency, and loss adjuster services.

Continue Reading The Chinese Insurance Market is Developing at a Rapid Pace

China has one of the fastest growing insurance markets in the world. The number of professional insurance lawyers cannot meet the demand in the market due to the limited history of both the legal and insurance industry within China.

Continue Reading Chinese Insurance Market has Urgent Need for Professional Lawyers

It is difficult to overstate the importance of concentration control regulations in the broader context of Chinese Anti-trust law as regulated by the Anti-monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China (Anti-monopoly). No area of anti-monopoly enforcement commands closer scrutiny or arouses more impassioned debate. In fact, creating a proper definition for concentration was the most vigorously contested issue during the drafting of the new Anti-monopoly Law.

Continue Reading The Concept of Concentration under Chinese Anti-trust Law